The Gut Guardians Podcast: Episode 04 – THE ULTIMATE GUT GUARDIAN...BIFIDOBACTERIA

Episode 04 – The Ultimate Gut Guardian: Bifidobacteria

SBO’s are usually the key probiotics for those experiencing gut troubles. Matt on the other hand, wants to share how Bifido played a key role in his recovery. Grace explains why it was the missing link in his recovery. Bifido wasn’t just helpful for Matt, but as Grace explains, it is truly one our bodies biggest gut guardians. Oh and they LOVE CARBS. You’ll find out all about the wonders Bifido provides for our guts in this episode.

Enjoy!

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Show Notes:

• RSS FEED: http://restoretheflora.com/feed/podcast
  
• CLICK, GO STRAIGHT TO iTUNES 
• Grace’s Recommended Probiotics
• Gut Guardian Podcast on INULIN (EPISODE 02) 
• Renew Life Critical Care

Don't Take Resistant Starch If You Have Moderate to Severe Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) (Part 3)

This is 3 of 5 series:

• Part 1: Don't Take Resistant Starch Alone and Other Precautions; RS2 Needs to Be Taken With Other Fiber To Spread Fermentation Completely Across the Entire Colon
• Part 2: Real Food Resistant Starch (RS3) Trumps High-Dose Potato Starch Diet To Expand the Lean and Immunoprotective Core Microbiota (Roseburia, Eubacteria, F. prausnitzii, Bifidobacteria)

Moderate to Severe IBS: Don't Take RAW RS2

IBS is a common syndrome marked by alternating diarrhea and constipation or mainly constipation (IBS-C) or mainly loose stools (IBS-D). The 7 Steps are very effective for IBS whether IBS-C or IBS-D because the 7 Steps embody functional medicine which finds the root problem and fixes it. HERE are successful cases for 7 Steps and functional medicine.

"Many of the faecal microbiota taxa that have been shown to be associated with IBS, such as Ruminococcaceae and Clostridium cluster XIVa, are known to be enriched for species that produce SCFAs [87]." Jeffrey et al, 2013. Source.

Caged vipers live in the zoos of individuals with IBS and these are RS2/starch eaters. Vipers are a relative term. Rumino and Clostridium cluster XIVa are notorious RS2, RS3, starch and inulin eating monsters. They love RS2. They love inulin. They love RS3 and starches (see Tim's 26-fold expansion of XIVa/Roseburia eating whole, real resistant starch, low GI starches). If these creatures are overgrowing in your small intestines, don't take resistant starch until the situation is improved.



Members of the Ancestral Core are OVERGROWING in the Foregut

We need lots of Ruminococcus and Clostridia cluster XIVa which are prominent members of the ancestral core I talked at length about in the AHS14. Cluster XIVa is one of the vital groups of gut microbiota that protect and recovered an rodent model of peanut allergy recently.

However in IBS, there are excessive amounts of these 'good' ancestral bacteria in the small intestines (SI) where the surface is relatively sterile with only rare microbes compared with the hot, fermenting compost in the colon. They are invading because the gatekeepers are gone (soil organisms, bifidobacteria, etc). Too many bugs inhabiting the SI cause small intestinal permeability (SIBO). If yeasts and fungi are involved as a result of overgrowth after antibiotics wipe out the symbiont bacteria, this is known as SIFO, small intestinal FUNGAL overgrowth. This is a hidden and prevalent condition and leads to intestinal permeability, then, subsequent auto-immune disorders, inflammation, cancer, strokes and heart attacks.

Ruminococcus may favor RS2 in rhizomes and tubers over any other food because of a preference etched in their DNA from 1 to 2 million years ago or even longer. Raw tubers, wild carrots, roots of cattails and water chestnuts contain granules of RS2 that Ruminocccus bromii will physically attach to with ancient machinery and ferment the f*kc out of.


How Do You Know If Ruminococcus and Clostridia XIVa Are In the Small Intestines?

Intolerance for inulin, starches or resistant starch are often loud TMIs and uncomfortable cramps or bloating. These are the 'hallmarks' for IBS and are triggered by diet, stress or other factors.

"High levels of acetic acid and propionic acid were associated with poor QOL and negative emotion in this study." Tana et al, 2009. Source.

In IBS, butyric acid and other SCFAs (acetic acid and propionic acid) are ironically high. We don't want to really make these higher. The more SCFAs, the worse mental function research has found. The gut-brain axis is broken. This is a modern triad: IBS, depression/anxiety and migraines/headaches. Body aches or fibromylagia are not uncommon as well.

FODMAPS, sugar, fructose and digestible starches are consumed by Lactobacillus which is a common species found to be elevated as well. More lacto probiotics and fermented foods which are rich in lactobacillus will make IBS symptoms and mental function worse. Again until improved digestion and the 7 steps helps to improve the health and function of the small intestines, following a full-on or semi GAPS, SCD or a lower fermentable fiber diet is prudent until the weeds are thinned out. Long term these special diets compromise gut function by depriving the guts of fuel and energy for the microbiota.

Unfortunately if you have these benign but HUNGRY RS- and inulin-chomping critters living where they are not supposed -- the small intestines, a mostly sterile place -- more IBS signs and symptoms will be present (bloating, gas, pain, bloating and even brain fog and fatigue).  Think of the small intestines as a freeway. It doesn't want to be congested or a city-wide buffet for millions of critters. It wants its contents to flow and be absorbed and move along.


Concomitant GERD and IBS

GERD and IBS often go hand in hand. The very pharmaceuticals that 'treat' GERD make small intestinal congestion worse. Without acid, digestion halts and gases back up, producing symptoms of heart burn, epigastric pain, fullness and GERD. The gases make the sphincter loose. Drugs like NSAIDs, ibuprofen, acid blockers, PPIs, 'the purple pill Prilosec/omeprazole' all increase pathogenic growths and lower Bifidobacteria. Without the trigger of massive normal acidity in the stomach, not only do pathogens thrive, but protein digesting enzymes will be defunct. Our ancestral core probiotics in our gut play vital roles in making sure digestion rolls forward without a hitch. Antibiotics, stress and high sugar/refined diets compromise their environment in our guts. It is not wonder so many people have to reach for TUMS or Mylanta for transient relief. Try to identify root causes as these solutions actually make the problem far worse.

Studies:

• Omeprazole induces altered bile acid metabolism
• The effect of long-term omeprazole on the glucose-hydrogen breath test in elderly patients. ('The omeprazole group had significantly lower serum albumin concentrations' NO PROTEIN DIGESTION meaning protein is putrifying somewhere)
• Drug-induced hypochlorhydria causes high duodenal bacterial counts in the elderly. [drugs cause SIBO]
• Interaction between vitamin K nutriture and bacterial overgrowth in hypochlorhydria induced by omeprazole.
• Effects of long-term PPI treatment on producing bowel symptoms and SIBO. [drugs cause SIBO]
• Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: role of proton pump inhibitors and intestinalpermeability. [drugs cause SIBO]
• The innovative potential of Lactobacillus rhamnosus LR06, Lactobacillus pentosus LPS01, Lactobacillus plantarum LP01, and Lactobacillus delbrueckii Subsp. delbrueckii LDD01 to restore the "gastric barrier effect" in patients chronically treated with PPI: a pilot study. PROBIOTICS CAN RESTORE THE GERD BARRIER EFFECT. 'A significant decrease in fecal enterococci, total coliforms, E. coli, molds, and yeasts in subjects treated with PPIs was recorded at the end of probiotics supplementation (d10) compared with baseline (d0) in group B. This is a further confirmation of the barrier effect also exerted at the stomach level.'

Fixing the Root Problem(s)

Our small intestines are carnivorous; to breakdown fats and meat/seafood/vegetarian protein, 3 things are mandatory -- (1) high acid, (2) bile acids, and (3) clever cutters, known as pancreatic enzymes, to degrade everything to smaller parcels.

Without adequate acid, fat and protein malabsorb and putrify. This can stink up stools (but not always, test...don't guess). Farts too, no longer making flatus pleasant and compost-y. It is not obvious for some unless functional medicine labs are done to detect fat and triglycerides in stools that travel unbroken and fully intact instead of being absorbed and providing energy to the host.

If acid is impaired consideration for the below helps optimal digestion:
--walking 10-20 minutes after meals
--kombucha, kraut, kefir, diluted raw apple cider vinegar with most meals
--betaine HCl (Robb Wolf has a fantastic protocol he has used for years)
--digestive enzyme supplementation
--bile acid supplementation (Hat tip: Lola)

For optimal gut health in the improvement of IBS, consider not taking any resistant starch or inulin temporarily if IBS symptoms are triggered.  Yes that includes version A (potato starch) and version B (GBF which contains ~5 grams RS2 + inulin) of bionic fiber. Consider rehabilitating the gut by seeding with symbionts (like soil probiotics and bifidobacteria), feeding what is appropriate and to select what you need (not Ruminococcus or Clostridia XIVa) and what is MISSING.

Immunoprotection of Bifidobacteria and Vaccine Injury: The Biological Plausibility of Microbial Predisposition, By Keith Bell (Green Med Info)

Source

Earlier I had posted a science-driven presentation by Dr Tetyana Obukhanych, Ph.D. on Natural Immunity and Vaccination. She reviewed the literature (scanty) on the efficacy of herd immunity and the fallacies of protection, specifically how mothers are not conferring full and complete immunity against rare, but devastating whooping cough and measles to their newborns when breastfeeding. This is not ancestral and may have consequences. Additionally she reviewed the potentials of vaccine injury, including gut dysbiosis and multiple food allergies (peanut, gluten, dairy).


Green Med Info just published an article written by the knowledgable and brilliant student of the gut, Mr Keith Bell: Vaccine Injury: The Biological Plausibility of Microbial Predisposition

Page 1 (GREEN MED INFO)

You may not have heard the news due to media censorship of the vaccine-autism debate, but apparently childhood vaccines can and do cause autism. Last month, a CDC Senior Scientist issued an apologetic press release admitting data omission from a 2004 study.  The ditched data suggested African American boys are at increased risk of autism when given the MMR vaccine.

CDC's Director of Immunization Safety, co-author of the fraudulent 2004 study, has also admittedvaccines can result in autism.  Moreover, autism is listed as side effect in the DTaP vaccinepackage insert.

Brian Hooker received the CDC confession directly from Senior Scientist, William Thompson. Hooker reanalyzed the data and found a 2.4x increased risk of autism in African American boys. The CDC states a lack of biological plausibility, but there's plenty.

Why would certain children be vulnerable to autism or any vaccine injury such as tic and seizure disorders? What makes them different from others who somehow escape injury?

First let's address gender inequality. Boys are up to five times more likely than girls to become autistic, perhaps because estrogen is crucial to immune response. Girls are primed at birth. But why African American boys? How tragic that over ten years ago the CDC decided this wasn't important enough to study further. How many African American boys have been damaged?

Other populations at risk of autism by vaccination include Koreans, Somali immigrants, perhaps much of Africa and Caucasians, too. Somali immigrants of Minneapolis and Sweden suffer high rates of autism when there is no word for "autism" in Somalia. In Sweden, they call it "Swedish disease."

Everyone on Earth is vulnerable to vaccine damage, but some populations appear especially at risk. These groups are different than others based on generations of dietary habits resulting in the underlying beauty of diversity: microbial predisposition. Their flora is naturally different!

Scientists have found gut microbiota play an important role in how well vaccines are absorbed. Imbalanced flora leads to vaccine failure. In sanitation-challenged, toxic nations such as Pakistan, for example, the polio vaccine can be ineffective due to compromised guts known asenvironmental enteropathy. How ironic that if we made sanitation and toxic pollution a priority, we could also reduce vaccination and its risk of injury. Instead, children suffer malabsorption syndrome misdiagnosed as malnutrition. They can't properly absorb nutrients or vaccines. Meanwhile, less than 2% of Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation budget goes toward improving sanitation; the lion's share toward vaccination in concert with major pharmaceuticals andGAVI. The United Nations, UNICEF and the World Bank promote wastewater treatment without any priority on the real solution of dry toilet technology.

One of the differences is reduced or absent bifidobacteria.

According to a Bangladeshi microbiota study published last month, poor vaccine efficacy is associated with systemic inflammation due to gut dysbiosis. Bifidobacteria were found a key factor in improving vaccine responsiveness. There are many known strains of bifidobacteria, some considered better than others. Bifidobacteria levels in the USA vary widely among individuals. Studies report much lower levels of bifidobacteria in children with autism.

Vaccine scientists are focused on improving vaccine absorption, promoting probiotic adjuvants. Bifidobacteria appear to have a leading role as future adjuvant.  But this work may also reveal a mechanism of vaccine injury: lack of an important species. Bifidobacteria are known to attenuatesevere intestinal inflammation. One study found their numbers naturally multiply in magnesium deficiency to calm inflammation.

Many Africans are missing bifidobacteria. And so are Koreans where autism rates were founddouble those in the USA. The traditional diet of these populations doesn't include dairy, which feeds bifidobacteria. It should be noted not all Africans are reduced or absent in bifidobacteria. Onestudy found bifidobacteria far more dominant in Malawian than Finnish infants while another studyfinds eightfold autism increases in Finland. Another vulnerable group appears to be vegans and vegetarians, known significantly reduced in bifidobacteria.

Breastfeeding is another important clue about bifidobacteria and autism avoidance. Breast milk is known to contain 700 types of bacteria with bifidobacteria the star of the show. Gerber includes bifidobacteria in their infant formula for good reason as "they make up 80–90% of the total intestinal flora of breastfed infants." Several studies indicate breastfeeding deters autism. What's not commonly recognized is how microbes both produce and stimulate release of fatty acids in breast milk crucial to brain development. These lipids include endocannabinoids now making waves in the epilepsy community (seizure is a common feature in autism).

A new study reinforces what's known about the global C-section epidemic and neurodevelopmental problems including autism. A third of women give birth by C-section in the USA, exceeded by other nations such as China and Brazil. C-section is known to result indifferences in infant intestinal flora, but what are the actual differences and how might this relate to potential for vaccine injury? This group of scientists found significantly lower bifidobacteria counts in C-section babies than in vaginally delivered infants. The bifidobacteria, however, are thought to originate in the mother's intestines.

Page 2 (GREEN MED INFO)

Are girls higher in bifidobacteria than boys? Might this be another way girls escape autism? Recent studies reveal another way to view gender differences. Men and women can eat the same diet, but have distinctly different gut microbiota.

In the Hazda people of Africa, bifidobacteria is absent and so is dairy, however, some forms of resistant starch and inulin may also feed bifidobacteria. The Hazda microbiome is more diverse, so they don't require bifidobacteria. Other microbes are doing the job for their healthy human hosts, but perhaps not if confronted with vaccination.

Then again, the Hazda immune system may be better able to withstand vaccination than African Americans. The immune system is reliant on flora balance where gut dysbiosis, such as high clostridia, and low bifidobacteria counts may predispose a newborn toward vaccine injury. Alternatively, high clostridia counts known in autism may be the result of vaccination. Vaccines may lead to such imbalances, similar to antibiotics known to cause C. difficile infections.

The fact is there are still no studies about how any of the childhood vaccines affect flora balance. Why not? Does anyone fear the results? Solving this mystery may require crowdfunding. There are many complexities to be unraveled. How are mercury and aluminum adjuvants affecting flora? How might vaccine-induced immune responses affect flora balance?

There are a sparse few studies approaching the subject such as this 2004 study from China showing significantly increased gram-negative bacteria caused by the cholera vaccine, not a good thing. This 2013 typhoid vaccine study states:

"However, to date, no comprehensive studies have been undertaken to examine the gastrointestinal microbiota in relation to vaccine administration and if there is a discernible alteration in the community following vaccine administration."

How would a shift in flora or absent bifidobacteria lead to autism? This falls under the category of gut-brain phenomenon and probably begins in the womb. Dozens of peer-reviewed studies impudently state colonization begins at birth, a fallacy without evidence akin to believing Earth is flat. The new paradigm points toward a fetal gastrointestinal tract teeming with life, developing long before the fetal brain, even driving brain development with polyunsaturated fatty acids of microbial origin. The maternal microbiome shifts toward a diabetic state in the third trimester while the fetal brain triples in weight.

Children are born colonized and then vaccinated within 12 hours of birth per cruel CDC schedule without any understanding of how this affects flora balance. The gut-brain connection is a two-way street where what happens in the gut may lead to an inflammatory reaction in the brain.Bifidobacteria may be a factor in helping to avoid this reaction. Indeed, probiotics of many types have been tested alongside vaccines to improve vaccine response because it's known microbiotainfluence immune response. Might probiotics also help to avoid extreme immune response resulting in autism? Too many parents of autistic children have witnessed the arched back and high-pitched scream of their infants post-vaccination, a condition signaling brain inflammation.

I suspect bifidobacteria will become biomarkers to help avoid vaccine injuries. Every child would have microbial DNA (PCR) stool testing to determine flora balance prior to vaccination. If bifidobacteria are low or absent, this may serve as warning not to vaccinate. This applies to all children because everyone is at risk. Children may be born compromised with imbalanced flora where vaccines add insult to injury.

We should begin the process of reducing CDC vaccine protocol, beginning the protocol much later in life to allow the immune system, reliant on flora, time to develop. This would reduce vaccine injuries while improving vaccine effectiveness. Or, we can choose not to vaccinate and concentrate on improving innate immunity. Many believe our natural immunity is waning due to vaccination, so we're seeing a comeback of childhood diseases such as measles and mumps.

Either way, we need to reduce heartbreaking injuries as well as consider the subtle, insidious possibility of widespread flora shift in the wrong direction. We're already seeing mysterious childhood type-1 diabetes and obesity epidemics along with eating disorders such as anorexia in very young children. Half our children suffer chronic disease, an unacceptable situation where everyone is vulnerable based on flora balance.

Florida Congressman, Bill Posey, is investigating CDC fraud amid an incestuous relationship with the pharmaceutical industry. Contact your Congressman to ask support for Posey's congressional hearings to learn more about extent of damage. The CDC "whistleblower" may receive immunityfrom prosecution so that underlying truth may finally be revealed, just as microbial genetic testing is taking us toward a new understanding of our place in the environment. 

Keith Bell is a 25 year veteran of the recycling industry with interest in sanitation and health. During the 1980s, he was a UNICEF radio spokesperson in Chicago for the annual release of State of the World's Children Report. He’s particularly interested in gut-brain connection including gut-origin of seizure, underdiagnosed in epilepsy. Sanitation is Sanity poster 

Dr Tetyana Obukhanych, Ph.D. - Natural Immunity and Vaccination

Dr Tetyana Obukhanych, Ph.D. - Natural Immunity and Vaccination

Ukrainian-born immunologist, Dr Obukhanych PhD is the author of Vaccine Illusion: How Vaccination Compromises Our Natural Immunity and What We Can Do to Regain Our Health. In her book, she presents a view on vaccination that is radically different from mainstream theories
Dr Tetyana Obukhanych, has studied immunology in has studied immunology in some of the world's most prestigious medical institutions. She earned her PhD in Immunology at the Rockefeller University in New York and did postdoctoral training at Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA. and Stanford University in California.

She does talks for mom groups, practitioners and WAPF groups. I just saw her in SF on Sunday. She's absolutely wonderful and super brilliantly sharp!

Her view on the science is clear, concise and complete. Her intention is to illuminate the science, not perpetuate the public health fears. Facts v. fiction. The goal of the talk is to review: the facts, the theories, the choices.

"Facts without theory are nonsense. And theories without facts are b*llsh*t."

--Dr Obukhanych's favorite stat professor at Stanford

In her latest talk, she discusses some immunoprotective strategies and their mechanisms in health:

--vitamin C

--vitamin A (her favorite is WAPF supported, fermented CLO, cod liver oil)

--vitamin D

--probiotics

--raw dairy, cream, raw eggs

--breastmilk as a shield for the baby and why (AHS14 The first paleo food: Breastmilk and it's alive! Speaker: Dr Goscienski MD)

Sorry. Resistant Starch is Unlikely to Miraculously Cause Weight Loss and Body Fat Loss

Update: Videocast THE SCOOP ON YOUR POOP at 3pm PST Thursday. Please continue to submit questions and I'll answer live and 1-2 that are posted. Thank you!



What's In Your Gut Zoo? Missing Leanness and Longevity?

If you are plateauing on fat loss, consider the gut microbes that can hijack and hamper your health success. The 5 mass extinctions of the gut microbiota lead to the loss of 'the limbs of the microbiota' that are attributed to leanness and longevity.

Consider that we co-evolved with them for millions if not billions of years and it is a relationship that requires nurturing, replenishment, and proper attention. Consider that for optimal body fat recomposition, the bugs residing/missing in the gut may be more important than the fuel. You may be feeding empty zoo cages in the modern age or worse, caged vipers, rogues and renegades.


Resistant Starch is Highly Unlikely to Miraculously Lead to Fat Loss

Recently Dr. Nett at Kresser's office did a post about how raw starch RS2 may improve weight loss. How resistant starch (RS) can help is very very very indirect. Let's talk about the entire community of the gut and c-o-n-t-e-x-t.

I have not seen raw starch RS2 miraculously induce fat loss in obese human animals. I can list the people who are still 'challenged' (like I was for a while!).  Unfortunately there are few anecdotes, human RCTs, human cases or internet stories that back up instant weight loss with raw starch RS2 -- yes -- because I've looked.  RS is just a fiber. Digestible complex carbs are fiber too -- 10% escape into the colon and feed the microbiota quite well. If the diet is 150-200 grams carbs, then 15 to 20 grams will be pure fuel for the colon flora. Nice, eh? That's half of our 'fiber quotient'.

If you want to lose weight and break body fat plateaus, the fuel and fibers for the flora that have evidence of successful human trials and RCT outcomes are:
--arabinoxylan (psyllium, whole GF grains)
--pulses (legumes = rich in phytochemicals, RS3, fibre, protein, minerals and vitamins)
--oat bran
--beta glucan (carrots, celery, radish, oats, mushrooms)
--glucomannan, konjac, etc.


RS has none ...and coprophagic rodent studies don't count. So much promise, no teeth.

All fiber is not created equal.



Sorry. Raw Starch RS2 Alone So Far Has No Weight Loss Results in Human Studies

These researchers Johnston et al found "Resistant starch consumption did not significantly affect body weight, fat storage in muscle, liver or visceral depots. There was also no change with resistant starch feeding on vascular function or markers of inflammation. However, in subjects randomized to consume the resistant starch, insulin sensitivity improved compared with the placebo group (P = 0.023)...Unlike in animal models, diabetes prevention does not appear to be directly related to changes in body adiposity, blood lipids or inflammatory markers. Further research to elucidate the mechanisms behind this change in insulin sensitivity in human subjects is required."

Low (15g) and high dose (30g) RS2 for 4 weeks didn't induce fat loss either but improved insulin resistance in obese men, not women (Maki et al, 2012).

Neither did 25 grams refined RS3 supplementation (Novelose330), but high-protein/40% carbs resulted in all body fat parameters pivoting: improved insulin sensitivity, body fat loss and weight loss in human subjects with metabolic syndrome (Lobley et al, 2013).

Neither did 40 grams RS2 supplementation for 12 weeks in T2 diabetes (Bodinham et al, 2014). Strikingly, this study also showed that HAM-RS raised triglycerides in a statistically significant manner and failed to lower body fat, Hgba1c, blood glucoses or improve central insulin resistance at the liver.

(However, a whole food supplement which contains a broad spectrum of microbial superfoods, native banana starch flour (NBS) 24 g/day induced 1.2 kg weight loss, improved waist-hip ratios and insulin sensitization in T2 diabetic, obese females after 4 weeks, contained only 8 grams RS2 (Ble-Castillo, 2010). Version B of BIONIC FIBER in the 7 steps. Green banana and plantains have been shown to heal ulcers and infectious colitis.)



Root Causes of Excessive Fat Gain and Obesity

What does work is getting to the root causes of obesity, fat gain and dysregulated metabolism. Humans are complex. Obesity and evolution are intertwined. For all life on earth including plants and insects, we are superorganisms living in symbiosis with an entire community of microbes. The microbial community can actually hijack and hamper health when it is diseased. OTOH the microbial community can be epically collaborative in optimizing longevity and health in our co-evolved microbe-host interaction that has been ongoing for literally hundreds of millions of years, if not billions.

Many examples of a collaborative community exist where mutual support and mutual exchange of energy and spirit co-exist. Local, sustainable, organic farms that bring our livestock, eggs and produce are my favorite examples. The paleo/primal hood and the ancestral AHS14 are others.

Fighting Obesity With Bacteria
Hat tip: M

Body Fat Reduction: Mice Cohousing and Ancestral Core Bacterial 'Invasion'

I talked about the cohousing experiment by Ridaura et al at AHS. They took gut microbiota from human twins that were discordant for obesity (one twin lean, one twin obese) and put them into GF (germ free) rodents. Later they cohoused lean with obese mice and observed the changes after a fat inducing diet (high saturated fat) v. high fiber, low fat diet. The results were not surprising and showed the compelling power of poop. Why did cohousing work?

(Coprophagy = PROBIOTICS)

On the fat inducing diet, lean mice didn't get as obese and the obese mice become super obese.

On the higher plant polysaccharide diet (LoSF-HiFV), both the obese and lean controls naturally had improvements in body fat recomposition. The lean controls loss fat mass (and some lean mass). The obese controls loss fat mass and gained lean mass.

See below. The cohoused animals had notable changes which make this study an epic study for the gut: the lean cohoused mice got jacked by eating the poop of the obese mice, eg they gained fat mass on the high fiber diet. The obese mice however upon cohousing, high plant fuel diet, and attaining the 'lean core microbiota' (mini fecal transplant) via coprophagy/cohousing GAINED LEAN MASS AND LOST SIGNIFICANT BODY FAT MASS.

I think the true beauty of the Ridaura study is that the shift in microbiota + diet reflected in metabolic changes, insulin sensitivity and body fat recompositioning. The gut shifts were tracked and the invasion of the ancestral core microbes from the lean mice into the obese mice was directly related to the body fat changes.

Ridaura et al 2013
LoSF-HiFV, low fat high fiber diet

Healthy Invasion of the Core LEAN Human Gut Microbiota

Fig 3A and 4C shows the shift in the gut that correspond to the lean phenotype. The roadmap to healthy body fat recomposition is shown here. An 'invasion' of the lean 'poop' (mini fecal transplant) into the obese mice are dissected into just a handful of species, of which two are part of the ancestral core that I talk about at AHS. All the species below are great when they are coming from a 'healthy community' eg happy, healthy, horny/hormonally-young mouse.

Enriched in mice colonized with or  invaded by members of a Ln microbiota
Bacteroides uniformis*
Bacteroides vulgatus* -- one of the 7 ancestral core
Eubacterium desmolans* -- E. rectale is one of the 7 ancestral core

Parabacteroides merdae*

Alistipes putredinis* -- one of the 7 ancestral core

Ruminococcus callidus

Ruminococcus bromii -- one of the 7 ancestral core

Clostridium symbiosum

Roseburia unclassified -- one of the 7 ancestral core

Clostridium ramosum

Akkermansia muciniphila ~~ high in hawwt, high lean mass rugby players w/low inflammation

Ruminococcus obeum

Ruminococcus sp. 14531

Eubacterium ventriosum

Betaproteobacteria unclassified

Burkholderiales unclassified

etc

Here's the 7 core ancestral microbiota based on Julien Tap's work:

Actinobacteria 

Bifidobacteria longum

Clostridia cluster IV

F. prausnitzii

Ruminococcous bromii 

Clostridia cluster XIVa

Roseburia intestinalis

Eubacteria rectale

Bacteroidetes

Bacteroides vulgatus

Alistipes putredinis

To Lose Epic Body Fat: My Top 10 E≠MC2

1. Fix your lovely gut (1/3-1/2 will do well with my 7 steps which both Dave Asprey and Mark Sisson have tried)

2. Introduce lean-gut-like probiotics (Prescript Assist, Body Ecology, ThreeLac, smoothies with organic dirty beets, letting your lean dog lick you, working at organic farms, etc)

3. Raise your metabolism
--exercise, yes move your cute *ss instead of standing on body vibrators, consider ten thousand steps daily

4. Raise your metabolism
--fix your adrenals and anabolic hormones (both men and women need progesterone and testosterone and titrated estrogen; get the anabolic up, get the estrogens down. detox xenoestrogens that make your moobies grow and cause cancer, inflammation and difficult to battle body fat)

5. Raise your metabolism
--lowering mental/emo inflammation by embracing being happy, optimistic, and grateful; flooding yourself with oxytocin (hug, hold, kiss your family and friends)

6. Raise your metabolism
--fix hypothyroidism (iodine, selenium, exercise, remove mercury, don't over-exercise, sleep well, avoid ketosis if increasing peripheral insulin resistance)

7. Feed your gut well
--plant fibers, the whole spectrum of ancestral fibers (roots, onions, leeks, tubers, beets, carrots, legumes, gluten-free soaked grains)

8. Plant polyphenols lower inflammation as well as tighten up gut epithelium and tight junctions (bilberry, citrus, pectin from legumes and apples, etc)

9. Lower non-ancestral stress

10. Weed your gut
--probiotics
--fiber, complex carbohydrates (low glycemic index), resistant starch
--in obesity, several overgrowths have been detected with consistency and reliability. Get ride of these. The species are listed in Ridaura's article and my AHS14 slides. The lean mice (from human discordant twins) do not have these strains and when they were invaded, they gained body fat even on the high fiber low fat diet. In human gut sequencing studies, overgrowths of yeasts, protozoa, parasites and pathogenic bacteria are found. Fix these by seeing an integrative and functional medicine practitioner for stool/urine testing and appropriate care

Babies and Mapping the Pollution in People: EWG's HUMAN TOXOME PROJECT

I think this is cool (...naught really).

This is a (user-friendly) compilation of the data collected in individual and large studies by the Environmental Working Group's Human Toxome Project. You can click on the right side on the study or an individual to review the toxic metals, pesticides, solvents, PCBs, POPs, and other chemicals found and at what level (low, mod, high).

The data below is from the EWG/Commonweal Study #1.

In each of these 9 adult participants over 150 chemicals, pesticides, solvents and heavy toxic metals were found. Fifty chemicals and metals that have been shown to cause dysfunction of the immune system were detected.  I talked about these factors above at AHS2011 'Rainforest of Your Gut' because not only do they disrupt our immunity but also intestinal barriers and permeability.  Researchers estimate that the intestinal system contains 70-80% of the immune cells.  Once chronic intestinal permeability occurs, all hell breaks loose.  Signs can be acute or terribly subtle....Bloating, dyspepsia, heartburn, hormonal disruptions (men become fem/moobies and grrrrls masculinize), inflammation, insulin resistance, suboptimal adrenals/thyroid, low HDL/high LDL, heart disease, endothelial hardening, penises softening, mental vulnerabilities, autoimmunity, autism spectrum, skin disorders, sinus disorders, candida overgrowth, allergies, oxidative DNA damage, and 50 Shades of F-Cked (cancer).

How do all these multiple industrial neolethal toxic factors influence our health?  From a systems biology perspective, do multiple factors amplify the depth of damage as each organ system one-by-one fails to accomplish what it is designed to do?

People eat whole foods, filtered water, organic, sustainable, ancestral, paleo, et cetera, but is it enough?  What if an individual has a low exposure but genetic variants for particular detox/antioxidant pathways which keeps an industrial toxin or metal hanging around? ApoE4, COMT, MTHFR, MT, and GST are just a few. Granted most of us have decent flux and adaptive mechanisms to survive most assaults but what are the thresholds for coping for multiple exogenous assaults combined with unique endogenous frailities?

On the other hand, what if a person just gets an accumulated butt-load of low exposure from frequent or daily soaked, arsenic- or lead-laced brown rice or heart-healthy omega-3 mercury/flame retardant- and selenium rich wild seafood?  Sorry -- I don't buy that urban mythology.

When I used to go for miles and miles jogging in the neighborhood, on weekdays I watched unprotected city workers spraying pesticides and herbicides on grass edges and around the municipal parks. Where does all the herbicide water run-off go? Where do contaminated water sources originating from Big Agro GMO Monsanto crop fields end up?  How is it tracked? Why not?

67% of the 9 individuals had 'high levels' of mercury detected and 22% 'low levels'.  Mercury used to be in our mouths; my kids and I are amalgam-free for one year now. We rarely eat wild fish with our histories and above is why.

Fukushima radiation is another now (here and here).

Before a first breath of air, 10 babies via cord blood lab analysis (EWG study #4) were found to have 287 heavy metals, pesticides and chemicals. All 10 had mercury (60% moderate levels, 40% low). 100% had dioxin. 100% had PCBs. 100% had organochlorine pesticides.

Recently pesticides from Bt GMO crops were found in 80% of fetuses and 93% of adults (healthy pregnant) randomly tested in one Canadian study (Aris and Leblanc, Reproductive Toxicology, 2011). This herbicide is used as a topical spray as well genetically spliced into the DNA of GMO crops with promoters for high-copy amplification and expression of of a bacterial toxin bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Bt toxin is also known as Cry1Ab protein.  It is a gut specific delta-endotoxin which exerts toxicity through increasing larvae/insect intestinal permeability causing the death of crop pests like leaf- and needle-feeding caterpillars (lepidopteran insects --butterflies, moths), beetles (coleoptera--weevils, ladybugs, beetles), and the larvae (e.g. babies) of leaf-beetles. It has been designed to be toxic to mosquitoes (dipteran)now.  Fun, no?

Has lateral transfer of Bt DNA to our gut bacteria and microbial communities already occurred (or at least the unborn and adult Canadians in Aris and Leblanc's study)?  Are we transformed? Mutant gut-hybrids of GMO experiments gone awry?

Like advising pregnant moms to avoid fish and seafood to minimize exposure to bioaccumulation of mercury and other pollutants, the American Academy of Environment Medicine (AAEM) issued a GM Foods Position Paper on May 8, 2009 for everyone to avoid all GMO foods in their diets.  Why such adamant recommendations for exclusive GM-free diet prescriptions?

For physicians and healthcare practitioners, they encourage looking at the role of GM foods in health disorders and diseases in integrated medical evaluations.  Why are we fat?  Why does USA obesity trends track and follow herbicide use?  Why are hypothalamus and brain reward centers so SO BROKEN?  How is the global use of herbicides and Bt gut-perforating pesticides related to our health woes and epidemic cancer and diabesity/heart disease/strokes?

In 1998 two scientists fed mice for two weeks potatoes (a) soaked for 30min in a dilute suspension of harvested Bt toxin (from bacterial spores grown in the lab; 1 g/L concentration), (b) transgenic Bt potatoes, and (c) control potatoes. Mild structural changes in the microvilli of the ileum of the transgenic GMO Bt potatoes were seen in.However in the Bt delta-endotoxin soaked potato-fed mice, the ileum changes were quite substantially greater in scale -- '...basal lamina along the base of the enterocytes was damaged at several foci. Several disrupted microvilli appeared in association with variable-shaped cytoplasmic fragments.' The authors further report 'in the group of mice fed on the delta -endotoxin-treated potatoes, the Paneth cells of the crypts of Lieberku¨hn were highly activated and contained a large number of secretory granules. These cells are believed to have an important role in the activation of phagocytes and controlling the bacterial flora of the gut (Ariza et al., 1996; Fawcett, 1997). They contain elevated levels of lysozyme in their large eosinophilic secretory granules, an enzyme capable of digesting bacterial cells walls, and antibacterial peptides called cryptdins (Junqueira et al., 1998). Ouellette (1997) revealed that Paneth cell secretory products seem to contribute both to innate immunity of the crypt lumen and to defining the apical environment of neighboring cells....The antimicrobial polypeptides of the Paneth cell secretory products kill a wide range of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, viruses and tumor cells (Aley et al., 1995).'  Lysozymes are 'cutters' -- they cleave and cut things, for instance, tumour/cancer cells and cell walls of pathogens that take a ride in our food.

Damage to the ileum and small intestines can lead to changes in microbial population and the disorder known as SIBO (small intestinal bowel overgrowth).  An expanding body of knowledge links SIBO with nearly every chronic systemic and skin disease seen in outpatient medicine (John Hopkins Turnbull, Mullin et al)

Bt toxin appears to induce self-digestion -- (increased Paneth cell and lysozymal activity) and damage from the inside out.  Lovely! And it is present in unborn children and adults.

References

Nutrient tasting and signaling mechanisms in the gut. II. The intestine as a sensory organ: neural, endocrine, and immune responses.
Furness JB, Kunze WA, Clerc N.
Am J Physiol. 1999 Nov;277(5 Pt 1):G922-8.

Adult Women’s Blood Mercury Concentrations Vary Regionally in the United States: Association with Patterns of Fish Consumption (NHANES 1999–2004)
Kathryn R. Mahaffey, Robert P. Clickner, Rebecca A. Jeffries
Environ Health Perspect. 2009 January; 117(1): 47–53.

Blood mercury reporting in NHANES: identifying Asian, Pacific Islander, Native American, and multiracial groups.
Hightower JM, O'Hare A, Hernandez GT.
Environ Health Perspect. 2006 Feb;114(2):173-5.

Pesticides in Shanghai and Globally

Pesticides May Cause USA Insulin Resistance and Obesity Trends

Maternal and fetal exposure to pesticides associated to genetically modified foods in Eastern Townships of Quebec, Canada. (FREE PDF)
Aris A, Leblanc S.
Reprod Toxicol. 2011 May;31(4):528-33.

Fine structural changes in the ileum of mice fed on delta-endotoxin-treated potatoes and transgenic potatoes [GMO Bt toxin] Free PDF
Fares NH, El-Sayed AK.
Nat Toxins. 1998;6(6):219-33.

Principles of Integrative Gastroenterology, Systemic Signs of Underlying Digestive Dysfunction and Disease, Turnbull, Mullin, et al.

Assessing Cumulative Health Risks from Exposure to Environmental Mixtures—Three Fundamental Questions
Ken Sexton, Dale Hattis
Environ Health Perspect. 2007 May; 115(5): 825–832.

Combined toxic exposures and human health: biomarkers of exposure and effect.
Silins I, Högberg J.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Mar;8(3):629-47.

Body Fat Loss: Saturated Fat Kicks the Cr*pola Out Of Olive Oil

Loren Cordain Is Getting Into Coconut Oil

Yes. It is true.

O F

C O U R S E . . .


From Robb, "Cordain likes coconut oil, just as a mix to a standards paleo approach. " (adrenal post) Robb cracks me up.

Recall Dr. Cordain's recent publication with the history-making conclusion: 'In general, experimental evidence do not support a robust link between SFA [saturated fatty acid] intake and CHD [coronary heart disease] risk.' PDF click HERE Curr Treat Options Cardiovasc Med; 2009;11:289-301. I just had to repeat that. It's like... *haa* the SOUND OF MUSIC... [the hills are alive... *big winky*]




The Thing About Fat...

Let me quote another expert, Jeff Volek (see his testosterone study at end), "The Fate of Fat: You are not what you eat; you are what you do with what you eat. Eat fat with carbs you get fat, but eat fat with low-carbs and you get LEAN — and insulin is the switch that controls the fate of fat.

— Jeff Volek, The New Low-Carb Guru

This is true if you are eating olive oil, monounsaturated fats, omega-3 oil, canola oil, coconut oil or MCT oil. Cut out carbs. Esp GRAINS, LEGUMES and FRUCTOSE. FRUC F*CTOSE, the nastiest carb of them all. (If you are gonna have limited carbs... yams, sweet potatoes, red potatoes, and wild berries (higher in oils, lower in sugar) are slightly more acceptable.).

This holds especially true for those who are insulin resistant (HYPOTHYROID (e.g. FT4 and FT3 s*ck), lacking other major steroid hormones (adrenals, testosterone, estrogen, progesterone, adiponectin, vitamin D, and the previously or currently overweight/obese... like me, I used to be 50 lbs fatter *wink*).




Medium Chain Sat Fats and Coconut Oil

Coconut oil is ~100% saturated fatty acids.

No industrial toxic omega-6. No industrial trans-fats.

There are civilizations which consume high, ULTRA-high saturated fat diets (40-56%) of coconut oil with no elevated associations of cancer, heart disease, dental disease or chronic conditions (Tokelau, Sri Lanka).

Coconut oil and MCT Oil are thermogenic and produce ketones despite consuming carbohydrates.

Coconut oil is predominantly medium-chain triglycerides (only 28-30% long-chain). Coconut oil is 1:1:6 (C8:C10:C12). MCT Oil is ~1:1 (NOW brand) or 2:1 (MCT Gold); no lauric acid, C12.

Butter is ~1:2:2. (70% saturated, 20% monounsaturated)





Medium Chain Sat Fats and Breastmilk

Human breastmilk is 40+% saturated fatty acids and high in cholesterol. The role of medium chain saturated fatty acids in the early survival of babies cannot be overstated. Medium chain sat fats are anti-microbial and anti-fungal and promote ketosis which is anti-inflammatory. Lauric acid (C12) exhibits POTENT PROTECTIVE properties. I discussed earlier here (californication post). Colostrum medium-chain ratios are 1:10:60; HEEEYYYYGE GINORMOUS quantities of protective lauric acid. Mature breastmilk, as well, 1:10:40 (Gibson RA et al Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 34: 252-257, 1981.). Baby infant formulae contain negligible lauric acid (C12), omega-3 fatty acids or cholesterol (Giovanni et al Acta Pæd 83(s402):59 - 62). F*Q. Does that explain anything healthwise? Was not 'in fashion' to breastfeed in the 1970s (at least not in Nebraska). Commercial infant formulae actually contain a lot of TOXIC omega-6 LA (Oveisi et al Acta Medica Iranica, 44(4): 225-229; 2006.) The omega-6 LA is soybean and/or peanut oil (WTF?) (p.97, Natural toxicants in food By David H. Watson).




Ketones

How does Slo-Niacin (vitamin B3) work?

It hits the ketone receptors which is anti-inflammatory and subsequently leads to lower sdLDL, annihilation of the 'death band' LDL-IVb (the most dense and lethal), and raises the HDLs OUT OF THE ROOF.

Again, how do we produce ketones?
--low low low carb diet
--low low carb diet
--low carb diet
--physical low-moderate intensity activity > 1-2 hours (max HR 50-60%)
--fasting > 5-6 hours
--intermittent fasting 12-36 hour fasts (we all do this in the Paleo blogosphere, Crossfit, evolutionary lifestyles)
--starvation
--drink human breastmilk (just kidding)
--eat a lot of medium chain SATURATED fatty acids (coconut oil, coconut butter, MCT oil, coconut milk/meat, grassfed goat cheese/milk, grassfed butter oil (greenpasture.org), grassfed butter/ghee/cream, etc)


Apparently eating saturated fats 12% in the form of MCT Oil can double the body fat loss compared with equal portions of olive oil in near-obese (BMI ~29) men and women on a muffin diet. (Yes, high carb muffin diet.) These studmuffins still somehow lost body fat -- visceral and subcutaneous.

P H A T ! ! !



Saturated Fatty Acids Bind PPAR-Receptors

Saturated fatty acids are hormonal in action. They bind the potent PPAR series of steroidal nuclear hormone receptors (that drugs bind like Actos for diabetes and Tricor for low HDLs, high TGs). Food is our medicine. Recall saturated fats bind PPAR: prior post Lp(a) Dangerous At Any Level. Dietary carbohydates, on the other hand, degrade the PPAR receptors and raise Lp(a), inflammation, insulin and plaque progression.

Remember... medium chain saturated fatty acids are anti-aging (because they bind and activate PPAR and promote anti-inflammatory ketones)... it is a frequent component of the diets of many centenarian and long-living communities (Okinawan, Sardinian, Cretan, Belgium -- from goat milk and dairy products). Check this out again: Kaunitz. Medium chain triglycerides (MCT) in aging and arteriosclerosis. J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol. 1986 Mar-Apr;6(3-4):115-21.

In upcoming posts, my buddy NephroPal Dr. T will be reviewing the PPAR receptors. WOOO y-e-a-h !!

MCT Oil Kicks the Cr*pola Out of Olive Oil
St-Onge MP et al conducted a double-blind RCT comparing a low calorie, 'free living', 12% saturated fat/MCT Oil diet (medium-chain triglycerides, 50% of coconut oil) versus 12% olive oil diet for weight loss (Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Mar;87(3):621-6). Free PDF click HERE. This is the only head-to-head trial I have found comparing MCT Oil and Olive Oil (another one used 24% saturated fat, 40% fat Canadian diet + 3% unesterified plant sterols + flaxseed oil which showed Pattern A 25.85 nm shifting versus 24% Olive Oil Pattern B mean peak LDL 25.45 nm in only 28 days; PDF click HERE, St-Onge MP et al 2003)

The MCT Oil and Olive oil diets were low-fat (naturally HIGH CARB) muffin diets.

The results were surprising.

Body fat recomposition.

Reductions in both subcutaneous fat and visceral fat which is highly associated with PLAQUE and heart disease.

One tablespoon of MCT Oil or coconut oil is ~ 15 grams of pure saturated fat. MCT Oil is liquid and can be heated (like olive oil) to a degree (though I wouldn't heat either). The participants in this study consumed about 1-2 tablespoons daily in a 4-month weight loss program, in the form of a muffin (10 grams) and cooking oil (8 or 14 grams).

DESIGN: Forty-nine overweight men and women, aged 19-50 y, consumed either 18 or 24 g/d (women or men, respectively) of MCT oil or olive oil as part of a weight-loss program for 16 wk. Subjects received weekly group weight-loss counseling. Body weight and waist circumference were measured weekly. Adipose tissue distribution was assessed at baseline and at the endpoint by use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and computed tomography.

DIET INFO:
As part of the weight-loss program, the subjects were counseled to reduce their caloric intakes to 1500 kcal/d forwomen and 1800 kcal/d for men. Within this diet, all subjects received study muffins (either cranberry or blueberry; Krusteaz, Seattle, WA) that contained 10 g of their assigned oil and 8 or 14 g of liquid oil, for women and men, respectively, to incorporate into their foods during cooking. Therefore, all subjects received 12% of theirprescribed weight-loss energy requirements in the form of thestudy oil (18 g for women and 24 g for men). This level of oil was chosen because it was found to produce significant increases in energy expenditure (8). The subjects, along with the dietitian and clinical coordinator, were unaware of the oil each person was consuming. Muffins were given to the clinical coordinator in bags labeled with the subject’s study ID code and A or B to designate group. Oil was provided in opaque plastic containers, which were also labeled with the subject’s study ID code and A or B.

High Saturated 12% Fat for Weight Loss





High Sat Fat 12% Diet: 1.7 kg (~4 lbs) More Weight Loss After 4 MonthsThe authors showed a significant trend in body fat recomposition with employing MCT Oil as the primary fat in a free-living weight loss program. It is unknown what precisely the carb, protein or total fat intakes were other than ' low calorie'. This is a major limitation of this little trial. On the other hand one of the strengths was the use of technology (DEXA and CT scans) to accurately assess body fat. Few studies examine body fat recomposition with diet.

Results:
(1) both olive and MCT oil produced average 2.4-2.5 cm waist circumference loss (p=0.0001)
(2) MCT oil produced more body fat reduction 1.46% BF decreases v. 0.58% BF (p=0.0037)
(3) MCT oil produced more pronounced weight loss 3.2 kg (7 lbs) v. 1.4 kg (3lbs) (p=0.001)
(4) Visceral fat loss (intraabdom) 6.7-fold more (MCT oil: 8.85 cm2, NS, n=14 heavy drop outs)
(5) Subcutaneous fat loss (abdominal) 2.2-fold more (MCT oil: 24.76 cm2, NS, n=14 only due heavy drop out rate)






Higher Saturated Fat and Higher Fat Intake Associated With Higher Testosterone

See below diagram discussed earlier HERE. Volek JS et al has already showed that higher baseline testosterone has been highly associated with appropriate total fat (30+%) , protein intake (15%), saturated fat and fat composition (low LOW omega-6, saturated to monounsaturated ~50:50) (J Appl Phys 1997).

Higher the testosterone when:
--higher the saturated fat intake
--higher the overall fat intake
--protein not exceeding 15% (when carbs high)
--lower the PUFA/sat fat ratio, e.g. lower the PUFA, higher saturated fat intake
--lower the PUFA (e.g. canola oil, soy, saff, sunflower, peanut)



Grassfed Australian meat is 'balanced' -- whether it is mutton, lamb, beef or veal -- the fatty acid profile is ~50/50 for saturated to monounsaturated fatty acid ratios. Please see Table 4 (at the very end). Click HERE for PDF. Muscle meat is only 5-8% fat whereas 'fat meat' is about 40-60% fat (rest is collagen, water, proteins).

Eat meat. ALL of it. Fat meat and muscle meat.

Don't fear B E I N G A MEATHEAD. Or FATHEAD.




Testosterone: Male Fountain of Youth

We use testostosterone (topical cream and gels) for correcting lipoproteins and regression of plaque. Testosterone is great STUFF. Pound some saturated fats and do resistance training... the best way to naturally produce testosterone. I love Xfit. We do saturated fats + lifting/power exercises = Big 'T'. Testosterone is everywhere... I could lick it off the walls... *haaa*



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Body Fat Loss: MCT Oil Kicks the Cr*pola Out Of Canola